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British Medical Bulletin 47:484-492 (1991)
© 1991 The British Council

research-article

Oestrogens and breast cancer: Exogenous hormones

K McPherson and H Doll

Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Radcliffe Infirmary Oxford, UK

Abstract

Oestrogens are administered to women as contraceptive agents and as treatment for menopausal symptons. This article reviews the epidemiological evidence concerning the risk of breast cancer related to both types of medication. It is generally accepted that long-term, high-close menopausal oestrogen administration with a moderate increase in breast cancer the risk of benign breast disease (as well as ovarian and endometrial cancer). The effect of oral contraceptives on breast cancer risk, however, is less certain. Possible reasons for the lack of agreement between recently conducted case-control studies are discussed, concentrating specifically on the effect of possible latency, being the sum of a prolonged induction plus pre-clinical period, in explaining the discrepancies.


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