British Medical Bulletin 48:276-308 (1992)
© 1992 The British Council
other |
Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular disease
MRC Epidemiology and Medical Care Unit, Northwick Park Hospital Harrow, UK
Abstract
Oestrogen alone probably confers a degree of protection against ischaemic heart disease and stroke and is appropriate for women requiring hormone replacement therapy (HRT) who have undergone hysterectomy. However, the cardiovascular effects of the progestogens used with oestrogen in the much larger number of women who have not undergone hysterectomy are unknown. Some widely used progestogens have adverse effects on lipoprotein levels and may raise blood pressure. The antithrombin III level may be involved in determining the response to oestrogen in different settings. The indications for HRT and the effects of different formulations on cardiovascular disease constitute one of the most pressing but complex issues in present-day medical practice. These questions can only be satisfactorily answered by the randomised controlled trials that should have been initiated several years ago and the feasibility of which is only now being investigated.
![]()
CiteULike
Connotea
Del.icio.us What's this?
This article has been cited by other articles:
![]() |
C. J. Matarese Navigating the Journey to Menses Cessation: A Study of Change in an Emancipatory Context J Holist Nurs, March 1, 2005; 23(1): 34 - 50. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
N. Acs, Z. Vajo, Z. Miklos, G. Siklósi, F. Paulin, and B. Szekacs Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Mortality in Central-Eastern Europe J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci., March 1, 2000; 55(3): 160M - 162. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
M. Lawrence, L. Jones, T. Lancaster, E. Daly, and E. Banks Hormone replacement therapy: patterns of use studied through British general practice computerized records Fam. Pract., August 1, 1999; 16(4): 335 - 342. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. M. Hales, C. G. Chamberlain, C. R. Murphy, and J. W. McAvoy Estrogen Protects Lenses against Cataract Induced by Transforming Growth Factor-{beta} (TGF{beta}) J. Exp. Med., January 20, 1997; 185(2): 273 - 280. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
A. G. Thrift, J. J. McNeil, A. Forbes, and G. A. Donnan Risk Factors for Cerebral Hemorrhage in the Era of Well-Controlled Hypertension Stroke, November 1, 1996; 27(11): 2020 - 2025. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
H S Jacobs Controversies in Management: Not for everybody BMJ, August 10, 1996; 313(7053): 351 - 352. [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
Randomised comparison of oestrogen versus oestrogen plus progestogen hormone replacement therapy in women with hysterectomy BMJ, February 24, 1996; 312(7029): 473 - 478. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
W F M Potshuma, R G J Westendorp, and J P Vandenbroucke Cardioprotective effect of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: is the evidence biased? BMJ, May 14, 1994; 308(6939): 1268 - 1269. [Abstract] [Full Text] |
||||
![]() |
M. R. Soma, I. Osnago-Gadda, R. Paoletti, R. Fumagalli, J. D. Morrisett, M. Meschia, and P. Crosignani The Lowering of Lipoprotein[a] Induced by Estrogen Plus Progesterone Replacement Therapy in Postmenopausal Women Arch Intern Med, June 28, 1993; 153(12): 1462 - 1468. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||
![]() |
E. Barrett-Connor and D. Kritz-Silverstein Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Cognitive Function in Older Women JAMA, May 26, 1993; 269(20): 2637 - 2641. [Abstract] [PDF] |
||||







