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British Medical Bulletin 56:969-984 (2000)
© 2000 The British Council

research-article

Molecular aspects of T-cell differentiation

Anjana Rao and Orly Avni

The Center for Blood Research and the Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School Boston, Massachusetts, USA

Correspondence to:Dr Anjana Rao, The Center for Blood Research and the Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Warren Alpert Building, 20 Londwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA

Abstract

Differentiated T helper 1(Th1) and T helper 2(Th2) T-cells show striking differences in their patterns of cytokine expression. This process is initiated by stimulation with antigen and the cytokines IL-12 and IL-4, respectively, and requires antigen-induced transcription factors such as NFAT and cytokine-induced transcription factors such as STAT4, induced by IL-12, and STAT6, induced by IL-4. This results in induction and maintained expression of subset-specific transcription factors including T-bet in Th1 cells andGATA3 in Th2 cells, which are involved in ensuring the commitment of T-cells to Th1 or Th2 lineages. Here we review the signalling pathways and transcription factors that mediate T-cell differentiation, and describe the epigenetic changes in chromatin structure, locus accessibility and DNA methylation that are known to accompany this process.


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