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British Medical Bulletin 2005 73-74(1):93-105; doi:10.1093/bmb/ldh053
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Published online 5 October 2005

© The Author 2005. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The British Council. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oupjournals.org

Prophylaxis of HIV infection

Ali S. Omrani* and Andrew Freedman

Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK

* Correspondence to: Dr Ali S. Omrani, Infectious Diseases Unit, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UK. E-mail: ali.omrani{at}doctors.org.uk

The number of people infected with HIV continues to increase relentlessly. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) following exposure to HIV infection may prevent established HIV infection. Such intervention is supported by biological plausibility and limited data from animal and human studies. Antiretroviral prophylaxis is associated with significant side effects and the risk should be weighed against the potential benefits. PEP should be considered after significant occupational and non-occupational exposures. However, PEP is not suitable for individuals with repeated high-risk behaviour who are not willing to adhere to risk reduction practices. Primary prevention strategies remain the mainstay for control of the HIV epidemic and cannot be replaced by PEP. Guidance for PEP following exposure to HIV infection is available in many countries worldwide.


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