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British Medical Bulletin 60:21-32 (2001)
© 2001 Oxford University Press

Type 2 diabetes, the thrifty phenotype – an overview

Robert S Lindsay and Peter H Bennett

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Phoenix, Arizona, USA

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.


   Searching for the causes of type 2 diabetes
 
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia1Go. Within this group, type 2 diabetes describes the form of the disease usually with onset in adult life, and associated with insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency, as opposed to the absolute deficiency found in type 1 diabetes1Go. Type 2 diabetes is of great importance to public health due to the burden of morbidity and mortality associated with this common disease2Go.

Type 2 diabetes is a complex disorder likely to have multiple genetic and environmental causes. Enormous efforts are being made to discover the genetic determinants of the disease. Recently, important additions have been made to our knowledge of the physiology of glucose and energy homeostasis at the molecular level – major advances have been made in our understanding of the mechanisms of insulin action, insulin secretion and control of appetite and energy balance3Go,4Go. . . . [Full Text of this Article]


   The thrifty phenotype
 

   Thrifty genotypes and thrifty phenotypes
 

   Early environmental Influence before and after the thrifty phenotype
 

   Challenges to the thrifty phenotype
 

   Why is the thrifty phenotype hypothesis important? Future challenges
 

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